Bible : Old Testament (Both Jews and Christians)
Job 37:18: Can you, like him, spread out the skies, hard as a cast metal mirror? (English Standard Version)
Proverbs 8:27-28: 27. When he established the heavens, I was there; when he drew a circle on the face of the deep, 28. When he made firm the skies above, when he established the fountains of the deep, (English Standard Version)
Ezekiel 1:22: And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above. (American Standard Version)
Genesis 1:6-8: 6. And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 7. And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8. And God called the firmament Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day. (American Standard Version)
Genesis 1:16-18: 16. And God made the two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17. And God set them in the firmament of heaven to give light upon the earth, 18. and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good. (American Standard Version)
Psalm 103:11: For as the heavens are high above the earth, So great is his lovingkindness toward them that fear him. (American Standard Version)
Isaiah 34:4: The valleys will be split,
all the stars in the heavens will fall down,
and the skies will be rolled up like a scroll.
All their starry host will fade away
like leaves withering on a vine,
or fruit withering on a fig tree. (International Standard Version)
Genesis 7:11: On the seventeenth day of the second month, when Noah was 600 years old, all the springs of the great deep burst open, the floodgates of the heavens were opened, (International Standard Version)
Psalm 104:5: He set the earth on its foundations, so that it should never be moved. (English Standard Version)
Psalm 93:1: Jehovah reigneth; he is clothed with majesty; Jehovah is clothed with strength; he hath girded himself therewith: The world also is established, that it cannot be moved. (American Standard Version)
1 Chronicles 16:30: Tremble in his presence, all the earth! “The earth stands firm; it cannot be moved. (God's Word Translation)
Isaiah 48:13: Moreover, my hands laid the earth’s foundation, and my right hand spread out the heavens. I call out to them, and they stand up together. (International Standard Version)
2 Samuel 22:16: The currents of the sea were revealed and the foundations of the world were exposed at the rebuke of the Lord and at the blazing breath from his nostrils! (International Standard Version)
Psalm 18:15: Then the channels of the sea could be seen, and the foundations of the earth were uncovered because of your rebuke, Lord, because of the blast from the breath of your nostrils. (International Standard Version)
Psalm 82:5: They neither know nor understand; they walk about in the dark while all the foundations of the earth are shaken. (International Standard Version)
Daniel 4:10-11: 10 Thus were the visions of my head upon my bed: I saw, and, behold, a tree in the midst of the earth; and the height thereof was great. 11 The tree grew, and was strong, and the height thereof reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth. (American Standard Version)
Daniel 4:20: 20 The tree that you saw, which grew large and strong until its top reached the sky and became visible to the whole earth (International Standard Version)
Daniel 2:35: 35 Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold were broken in pieces together and became like chaff from a summer threshing floor that the breeze carries away without leaving a trace. Then the rock that struck the statue grew into a huge mountain and filled the entire earth. (International Standard Version)
Luke 4:5-6: 5 The Devil also took him to a high place and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in an instant. 6 He told Jesus, “I will give you all this authority, along with their glory, because it has been given to me, and I give it to anyone I please. (International Standard Version)
Job 38:7: When the morning stars sang together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy? (American Standard Version)
Joshua 10:12: Later that day, Joshua spoke to the Lord while the Lord was delivering the Amorites to the Israelis. This is what he said in the presence of Israel: “Sun, be still over Gibeon! Moon, stand in place in the Aijalon Valley!” (International Standard Version)
Psalm 148:4: Praise him, you heaven of heavens, and you waters above the heavens. (International Standard Version)
Genesis 8:2: The water sources from the ocean depths were blocked and the floodgates of the heavens were closed. (International Standard Version)
1 Samuel 2:8: ...Indeed the pillars of the earth belong to the Lord,
and he has set the world on them. (International Standard Version)
Job 38:4-7: 4 “Where were you when I laid the foundation of my earth?
Tell me, since you’re so informed!
5 Who set its measurement? Am I to assume you know?
Who stretched a boundary line over it?
6 On what were its bases set?
Who laid its corner stone
7 while the morning stars sang together
and all the divine beings shouted joyfully? (International Standard Version)
Psalm 102:25: Of old didst thou lay the foundation of the earth; And the heavens are the work of thy hands. (American Standard Version)
Job 9:6: who shakes the earth out of its place, and its pillars tremble; (English Standard Version)
Psalm 75:3: While the earth and all its inhabitants melt away, it is I who keep its pillars firm.” (International Standard Version)
Psalm 74:17: You set all the boundaries of the earth; you made summer and winter. (International Standard Version)
Job 38:13: where it seizes the edge of the earth and shakes the wicked out of it? (International Standard Version)
Isaiah 11:12: 12 And he will set up an ensign for the nations, and will assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth. (American Standard Version)
Job 37:3: Under the whole heaven he lets it go, and his lightning to the corners of the earth. (English Standard Version)
Isaiah 41:9: 9 you whom I encouraged from the ends of the earth and called from its farthest corners, and told you, ‘You’re my servant, I’ve chosen you and haven’t cast you aside.’ (International Standard Version)
Job 26:11: The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke. (International Standard Version)
Genesis 7:20: 20 The flood waters rose 15 cubits above the mountains. (International Standard Version)
Isaiah 30:26: Moreover, the light of the moon will be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun will be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day when the Lord binds up the brokenness of his people, and heals the wounds inflicted by his blow. (English Standard Version)
Psalm 104:1-3: 1 Bless the Lord, O my soul!
O Lord my God, you are very great!
You are clothed with splendor and majesty,
2 covering yourself with light as with a garment,
stretching out the heavens like a tent.
3 He lays the beams of his chambers on the waters;
he makes the clouds his chariot;
he rides on the wings of the wind; (English Standard Version)
Daniel 8: ...10 It grew great, even to the host of heaven. And some of the host and some of the stars it threw down to the ground and trampled on them... (English Standard Version)
Psalm 19:1-6: 1 The heavens declare the glory of God;
And the firmament showeth his handiwork.
2 Day unto day uttereth speech,
And night unto night showeth knowledge.
3 There is no speech nor language;
Their voice is not heard.
4 Their line is gone out through all the earth,
And their words to the end of the world.
In them hath he set a tabernacle (tent) for the sun,
5 Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber,
And rejoiceth as a strong man to run his course.
6 His going forth is from the end of the heavens,
And his circuit unto the ends of it;
And there is nothing hid from the heat thereof.
(American Standard Version)
Genesis 2:21-22: 21 so the Lord God caused a deep sleep to overshadow the man. When the man was asleep, he removed one of the man’s ribs and closed up the flesh where it had been. 22 Then the Lord God formed the rib that he had taken from the man into a woman and brought her to the man. (International Standard Version)
Ecclesiastes 1:5: The sun rises, the sun sets, then rushes back to where it arose. (International Standard Version)
Isaiah 40:22: 22 He’s the one who sits above the disk of the earth, and its inhabitants are like grasshoppers. He’s the one who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, and spreads them like a tent to live in, (ISV)
Job 11:9: 9 Its measure is longer than the earth and broader than the sea. (ESV)
Job 38
18. Do you understand the breadth of the earth? Tell me, since you know it all!
...
28 “Does the rain have a father? Who fathered the dew? 29 Whose womb brings forth the ice? Who gives birth to frost out of an empty sky
, ...
37 Who has the wisdom to be able to count the clouds, or to empty the water jars of heaven,
(ISV)
Deuteronomy 28:23: 23 The sky above your head will become bronze while the ground beneath you will become iron. (ISV)
2 Chronicles 4:2: 2 Then he made the sea of cast metal. It was round, ten cubits from brim to brim, and five cubits high, and a line of thirty cubits measured its circumference. (ESV)
Job 37:10: 10 From the breath of God ice is produced, and a wide body of water is frozen. (ISV)
Bible : New Testament (Only Christians)
Revelation 8:10-11: 10. The third angel sounded his trumpet, and a great star, blazing like a torch, fell from the sky on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water— 11. the name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters turned bitter, and many people died from the waters that had become bitter. (New International Version)
Mathew 4:8: Again, the devil taketh him unto an exceeding high mountain, and showeth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them; (American Standard Version)
Mathew 24:29: “Immediately after the distress of those days “‘the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from the sky, and the heavenly bodies will be shaken.’ (New International Version)
Revelation 6:13–15: 13 and the stars of the sky fell to the earth as the fig tree sheds its winter fruit when shaken by a gale. 14 The sky vanished like a scroll that is being rolled up, and every mountain and island was removed from its place. 15 Then the kings of the earth and the great ones and the generals and the rich and the powerful, and everyone, slave and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains, (English Standard Version)
Mark 13:25: the stars will be falling out of the sky, and the powers that are in the heavens will be disrupted.’ (International Standard Version)
2 Corinthians 12:2: I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven—whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows. (English Standard Version)
Hebrews 1:10: 10 And, “In the beginning, Lord, you laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands. (International Standard Version)
Hebrews 12:26: 26 At that time his voice shook the earth, but now he has promised, “Once more I will shake not only the earth but also heaven.” (International Standard Version)
Revelation 7:1: After this, I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth. They were holding back the four winds of the earth so that no wind could blow on the land, on the sea, or on any tree. (International Standard Version)
Revelation 20:8: 8 He will go out to deceive Gog and Magog, the nations at the four corners of the earth, and gather them for war. They are as numerous as the sands of the seashore. (International Standard Version)
Revelation 12:4: 4 Its tail swept away one-third of the stars in the sky and knocked them down to the earth. Then the dragon stood in front of the woman who was about to give birth so that it could devour her child when it was born. (International Standard Version)
Talmud : The most important book for the Jews
Talmud: Pesachim 94b5:
The Jewish Sages say that during the day the sun travels beneath the firmament and is therefore visible, and at night it travels above the firmament. And the sages of the nations of the world say that during the day the sun travels beneath the firmament, and at night it travels beneath the earth and around to the other side of the world. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said: And the statement of the sages of the nations of the world appears to be more accurate than our statement. A proof to this is that during the day, springs that originate deep in the ground are cold, and during the night they are hot compared to the air temperature, which supports the theory that these springs are warmed by the sun as it travels beneath the earth.
Image source: Judah Landa. Torah and Science. Ktav 1991. p63.
Talmud: Bava Batra 25b 1-4: (also see last few words from 25 a 15)
The world (25a15) is similar to a partially enclosed veranda [le’akhsadra], enclosed on three sides, and the northern side of the world is not enclosed with a partition like the other directions. The sun begins its revolution in the east and passes to the south and the west, and once the sun reaches the northwestern corner it turns around and ascends throughout the night above the sky to the east side and does not pass the north side. And Rabbi Yehoshua says: The world is similar to a small tent [lekubba], and the north side is enclosed with a partition as well, but once the sun reaches the northwestern corner it emerges from this small tent, and circles and passes behind the dome, i.e., outside the northern partition, until it reaches the east (25b1). As it is stated: “The sun also rises and the sun goes down, and hastens to its place, where it rises again. It goes toward the south, and turns about to the north; round and round goes the wind, and on its circuits the wind returns” (Ecclesiastes 1:5–6). The verse is understood as describing the sun’s movements, as follows: “It goes toward the south” during the day, “and turns about to the north,” on the outside of the firmament, at night. “Round and round goes the wind [ruaḥ] and the wind returns again to its circuits”; as the word ruaḥ can also mean direction or side, Rabbi Yehoshua explains that these are the face of the east and the face of the west. Sometimes, in the short winter days, the sun turns about them without being seen, and sometimes, in the long summer days, it traverses them visibly (25b2).
Image source: Judah Landa. Torah and Science. Ktav 1991. p66.
The above 2 online images taken from: this page
Also see: Firmament in the Talmud (Presearched link)
Vedas (Hindus)
Rig Veda Book 1 : 1.1.105 Mantra 105 – Vishvedevas
1. Within the waters runs the Moon, he with the beauteous wings in heaven.
Ye lightnings with your golden wheels, men find not your abiding-place. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.
Rig Veda Book 1 : 1.1.130 Mantra 130 – Indra
9 Waxed strong in might at dawn he tore the Sun's wheel off. Bright red, he steals away
their speech, the Lord of Power, their speech he steals away from them, As thou with
eager speed, O Sage, hast come from far away to hel
As winning for thine own all happiness of men, winning all happiness each day.
Rig Veda Book 1 : 1.1.173 Mantra 173 – Indra
6 Him who surpasses heroes in his greatness: the earth and heavens suffice not for his girdles. Indra endues the earth to be his garment, and, god-like, wears the heaven as 'twere a frontlet.
Rig-Veda Book 1 : 1.1.30 Mantra 30 – Indra
19 High on the forehead of the Bull one chariot wheel ye ever keep, The other round the sky revolves.
Rig Veda Book 1 : 1.1.115 Mantra 115 – Surya
4 This is the godhead, this might of Surya: he hath withdrawn what spread o'er work
unfinished. When he hath loosed his Horses from their station, straight over all Night
spreadeth out her garment.
Rig Veda Book 3 : 1.3.32 Mantra 32 – Indra
8 Many are Indra's nobly wrought achievements, and none of all the Gods transgress his statutes. He beareth up this earth and heaven, and, doer of marvels, he begot the Sun and Morning.
Rig-Veda Book 1 : 1.1.23 Mantra 23
17 May Waters gathered near the Sun, and those wherewith the Sun is joined, Speed forth this sacrifice of ours.
Rig-Veda Book 1 : 1.1.84 Mantra 84 – xx
15 Then verily they recognized the essential form of Tvastar's Bull,
Here in the mansion of the Moon.
Rig Veda Book 1 : 1.1.114 Mantra 114 – Rudra
5 Him with the braided hair we call with reverence down, the wild-boar of the sky, the red, the dazzling shape. May he, his hand filled full of sovran medicines, grant us protection, shelter, and a home secure.
Rig Veda Book 1 : 1.1.115 Mantra 115 – Surya
5 In the sky's lap the Sun this form assumeth that Varuna and Mitra may behold it. His Bay Steeds well maintain his power eternal, at one time bright and darksome at another.
Rig Veda Book 1 : 1.1.116 Mantra 116 – Ashvins
17 The Daughter of the Sun your car ascended, first reaching as it were the goal with coursers. All deities within their hearts assented, and ye, Nasatyas, are close linked with glory.
Budhism (Budhists)
You may also want to take a look at Budhist Cosmology